It means you have to read a lot about those times. One tip: do not judge too early.
As a starting point you can use an exception from the book "Cisna. Slownik Historyczno-Krajoznawczy" telling the story of Wetlina, other *****ge more or less in the same area as Kulaszne. Read only the "History" section, it's rather short. You'll find there the acronyms like NKWD, UPA and others. The history of all *****ges in that area after WWII was similar, I guess the story of Kulaszne was like the story of Wetlina.
This article will give you the idea how that's possible that your ancestor was shot in 1946 but it'll not explain the reasons. If you're interested you'll find a lot articles about post-war fights in todays south-eastern Poland. Read relations of both sides of the fights if you want to be neutral. It may be difficult, since your ancestor was shot then...
So, do the homework ;-) and in case of questions come back. We'll try to help you, but I'm afraid we'll not give you the answers to all the questions. We're rather tourists than historians.
Regards
Bartek
PS. Some other addresses to visit: Operation Wisla, Lemkos



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